ANALYSIS ON RIGIDITY OF COMPOSITE HELICAL SPRING AND ITS INFLUENCE FACTORS
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摘要: 该研究制备了一种与中空圆截面簧丝轴线成±45°铺层的新型复合材料圆柱螺旋压缩弹簧,并对该弹簧进行准静态压缩试验。将纤维复合材料平板的剪切模量等效替代各向同性材料弹簧刚度表达式中的剪切模量,从而理论导出该类复合材料弹簧的刚度表达式。针对该表达式分析影响弹簧刚度的各种因素及其影响程度。结果表明：弹簧的刚度系数随着纤维弹性模量、纤维体积分数、簧丝外直径的增加而急剧增加,随它们的下降而显著下降;基体弹性模量与复合材料泊松比对弹簧刚度的影响十分微小;簧丝内直径在一定范围内变化时对弹簧刚度的影响几乎可以不计,但却能显著降低弹簧质量,超出该范围后,弹簧刚度随内直径增加而急剧下降;刚度系数随弹簧有效圈数和弹簧圈平均直径的增加而剧烈下降,随着它们的下降而急剧增加。Abstract: A new type of composite cylinder helical spring is prepared in this study. The cross section of spring wire is annular. The spring wire is made from fiber composite plies and the fiber composite plies are alternately laid out along the directions of ±45° from the axis of spring wire. At the same time,a series of quasi-static compression tests are carried out on the composite spring specimens. The shear modulus in the stiffness expression of isotropic helical spring will be equivalently replaced by the shear modulus of the fiber composite plies with ±45° directions. Hence, the stiffness expression of the new type of composite spring can be obtained. Based on the stiffness expression, a variety of influence factors and their degree of influence on the rigidity of the new type of spring will be analyzed. The studied results show that the stiffness coefficient of composite spring obviously increases with the increase of the Young’s modulus of fiber, the volume fraction of fiber, and the outer diameter of spring wire, and vice versa. The Young’s modulus of matrix and the Poisson’s ratio of composite material have a very small effect on the stiffness of composite spring. The inside diameter of spring wire almost has no effect on the stiffness of composite spring in a certain size range, but beyond the range, the stiffness coefficient significantly decreases with the increase of the inside diameter of spring wire. The stiffness coefficient of composite spring obviously decreases with the increase of the number of active coils and the average diameter of the coil, and vice versa.
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Keywords:
- composite /
- cylinder helical spring /
- rigidity /
- lightweight /
- influence factors
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