Abstract: To determine the stable bearing capacity of bamboo compression rods with varying elastic modulus and section size, the distribution law of geometric characteristics (outer diameter, wall thickness and moment of inertia), density and compressive strength along the height direction of bamboo was firstly studied. Based on a large number of experimental data, the prediction equations of geometric characteristics, density and compressive strength of bamboo at different heights were fitted. After obtaining the simplified relationship between moment of inertia, elastic modulus and height, the formula of stable bearing capacity of bamboo compression rods was derived, which considered the change of elastic modulus and cross section. The results show that the geometric characteristics and compressive strength of bamboo are highly correlated with their height, and the performance prediction equation obtained has a good prediction accuracy, which can be used as a reference for evaluating the geometric characteristics and compressive strength of bamboo. The formula of stable bearing capacity of bamboo compression rods is simple, applicable and accurate.