高原深切峡谷风场非平稳特征研究

STUDY ON NON-STATIONARY CHARACTERISTICS OF WIND FIELD AT PLATEAU DEEP-CUT CANYON

  • 摘要: 为确定高原深切峡谷的风场特征,在西南部山区某大跨桥梁桥位开展现场实测,由于峡谷瞬时风速变化剧烈,常数平均风速难以准确描述,为解决峡谷风场非平稳突出的问题,采用离散小波变换方法提取时变平均风速,建立非平稳风速模型分析湍流风特性,包括湍流强度、积分尺度、功率谱密度等,并与传统平稳模型展开对比研究。研究结果表明:平均风速符合对数正态分布;随着风速增加,脉动风速的平稳性提高,且非平稳模型高于平稳模型;平稳模型高估了风的湍流特性,湍流强度和积分尺度均高于非平稳模型;非平稳模型可以显著缩小非平稳样本与平稳样本间湍流特性的差异,也可以缩小顺风向、横风向以及竖向分量间的差异;非平稳模型功率谱在低频显著偏离,在高频段适用Von Karman谱,整体高于平稳模型功率谱。因此,非平稳模型能够降低峡谷风场的非平稳性,且其湍流参数分布稳定、能够减弱风速脉动的各向异性,具有较好的适用性。

     

    Abstract: In order to determine the wind field characteristics of the plateau deep-cut canyon, a wind field measurement was carried out at a large-span bridge in the southwest mountain area. The instantaneous wind speed changes drastically, and it is difficult to accurately describe it with the constant mean wind speed. In order to solve the problem that the wind field is prominently non-stationary, the discrete wavelet transform method is used to extract the time-varying mean wind speed. A non-stationary wind speed model was established to analyze the turbulence wind characteristics, including turbulence intensity, integration scale, power spectrum density, etc., which were compared with the stationary model. The research results show that the mean wind speed conforms to the logarithmic normal distribution. As the wind speed increases, the stationarity of the fluctuating wind speed increases, and the stationarity of the non-stationary model is higher than that of the stationary model. The stationary model overestimates the turbulence characteristics of wind, and its turbulence intensity and integral scale are higher than those of the non-stationary model. The non-stationary model can significantly reduce the difference in turbulence characteristics between the non-stationary samples and the stationary samples, and can also reduce the difference between the downwind, crosswind and vertical components. The power spectrum density of the non-stationary model is applicable to the Von Karman spectrum at high-frequency, but it is significantly absent and deviated at low-frequency. The power spectrum density of the non-stationary model is overall higher than that of the stationary model. Therefore, the non-stationary model has good applicability because it can reduce the non-stationarity of the wind, its turbulence parameters distribution is stable, and it can weaken the anisotropy of wind speed fluctuation.

     

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