基于DIC技术的钢筋混凝土梁剪切裂缝自动提取与量化方法

杨子涵; 舒江鹏; 杨静滢; 李俊; 白勇

doi:10.6052/j.issn.1000-4750.2023.05.S021

基于DIC技术的钢筋混凝土梁剪切裂缝自动提取与量化方法

浙江大学建筑工程学院，浙江，杭州 310058

基金项目: 国家重点研发计划“政府间国际科技创新合作”重点专项项目(2023YFE0115000)；国家自然科学基金项目(52108179)；浙江省领雁计划项目(2023C01161)

详细信息

作者简介:
杨子涵(2000−)，女，山东人，博士生，主要从事工程结构智能检测研究(E-mail: yangzh0722@zju.edu.cn)

杨静滢(1999−)，女，安徽人，硕士生，主要从事工程结构智能评估研究(E-mail: 22112053@zju.edu.cn)

李　俊(2000−)，男，江西人，博士生，主要从事工程结构智能评估研究(E-mail: junliceea@zju.edu.cn)

白　勇(1963−)，男，江西人，教授，博士，博导，主要从事海工结构研究(E-mail: baiyong@zju.edu.cn)

通讯作者:
舒江鹏(1987−)，男，浙江人，研究员，博士，博导，副主任，主要从事工程结构智能建造与检测研究(E-mail: jpeshu@zju.edu.cn)

中图分类号: TP391.4；TU755.7
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出版历程
- 收稿日期: 2023-05-15
- 修回日期: 2024-01-08
- 网络出版日期: 2024-01-26

AUTOMATION EXTRACTION AND QUANTIFICATION OF SHEAR CRACKS IN REINFORCED CONCRETE BEAMS BASED ON DIC TECHNOLOGY

College of Civil Engineering and Architecture, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang 310058, China

摘要

摘要:
针对钢筋混凝土梁实验中剪切斜裂缝的自动化定位、全域范围内各方向宽度量化及扩展追踪问题，该文提出一种基于数字图像相关技术(DIC)的裂缝自动提取与宽度量化的计算方法。由DIC计算得出的水平、竖直、剪切应变场来计算试件表面的主拉伸应变场，并将试件表面主应变大于某一阈值的部分视为开裂。对开裂部分进行形态学操作，提取出裂缝骨架线。在骨架线两侧定义裂缝运动参考点，根据参考点的运动来计算裂缝的发展规律。该计算方法实现了混凝土梁加载过程中任意方向上裂缝自动化检测及高精度量化，并且能够处理试件局部旋转的问题，充分了利用DIC测量技术的潜力。通过实验室内四组钢筋混凝土梁剪切实验验证该方法的有效性与精度。结果表明：该方法能够在多加载阶段实时追踪全域范围内各方向的裂缝开展并量化。
- 钢筋混凝土梁 /
- 剪切裂缝 /
- 数字图像相关 /
- 实时追踪量化 /
- 主应变场
Abstract:
To address the problems of automatic localization, width quantification in all directions and extended tracking of shear diagonal cracks in reinforced concrete beam experiments, this paper proposes a computational method for automatic crack extraction and width quantification based on digital image correlation (DIC) technology. The horizontal, vertical and shear strain fields calculated by DIC are used to calculate the principal tensile strain fields on specimen surface, and the part of the specimen surface where the principal strain is greater than a certain threshold value is considered as cracked. Morphological operations are performed on the cracked portion to extract the crack skeleton line. Reference points for crack movement are defined on both sides of the skeleton line, and the crack development pattern is calculated based on the movement of the reference points. The calculation method achieves automated detection and high accuracy quantification of cracks in any direction during the loading of concrete beams, and is able to handle local rotation of the specimen, leveraging the full potential of DIC measurement technique. The validity and accuracy of the method are verified through four sets of laboratory shear tests of reinforced concrete beams. The results show that the method is capable of tracking and quantifying the crack development in all directions over the full range in real time during multiple loading stages.
- reinforced concrete beams /
- shear cracks /
- digital image correlation /
- real-time tracking quantification /
- principal strain fields

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图 1 数字图像相关技术原理

Figure 1. Principles of digital image related technology

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图 2 全域各方向裂缝自动提取与量化算法原理图

Figure 2. Schematic diagram of the algorithm for automatic extraction and quantification of cracks in all directions over the whole domain

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图 3 梁尺寸示意图　/mm

Figure 3. Dimensions of beams

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图 4 加载位置示意图　/mm

Figure 4. Diagram of loading position

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图 5 实验装置图

Figure 5. Experimental set-up diagram

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图 6 DIC装置图　/mm

Figure 6. DIC set-up diagram

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图 7 大剪跨比组(L)、预制裂缝组(P)位移计布置示意图　/mm

Figure 7. Diagram of displacement meter arrangement for L and P group

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图 8 小剪跨比组(S)位移计布置示意图　/mm

Figure 8. Diagram of displacement meter arrangement for S group

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图 9 不同组别测试梁部分点位下LVDT与DIC挠度对比图

Figure 9. Comparison of LVDT and DIC deflection at some points of the tested beam in different groups

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图 10 不同加载组裂缝宽度 /mm

Figure 10. Crack width for different loading groups

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图 11 不同加载组裂缝宽度对比图

Figure 11. Comparison of crack widths for different loading groups

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图 12 裂缝自动提取量化方法提取与手工记录裂缝破坏模式对比图(阴影部分为相机拍摄到的ROI区域，黑色线条为裂缝自动提取量化方法得到的裂缝模式图，红色线条为手工绘制的裂缝模式图)

Figure 12. Comparison of the crack damage pattern extracted by the automatic crack extraction quantification method and the manually recorded crack damage pattern (the shaded area is the ROI area captured by the camera; the black line is the crack pattern map obtained by the automatic crack extraction quantification method; the red line is the manually drawn crack pattern map)

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表 1 荷载作用位置

Table 1 Location of load

加载制度\组别	对照组(C)	大剪跨比(L)	小剪跨比(S)	预制裂缝(P)
制造初始裂缝	−	d=800	d=400	−
正式加载	d=600	d=600	d=800	d=600
注：d为加载位置至支座的距离。

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表 2 LVDT与DIC挠度对比表格

Table 2 Deflection comparison of LVDT and DIC

构件	加载组别	荷载水平/ kN	测量点位	挠度- LVDT	挠度- DIC	误差/ (%)
L-2	制造初始裂缝(N_max=110.6 kN)	91.5	2	2.44	2.45	0.4
L-2	正式加载(N_max=112.7 kN)	112.3	2	4.78	4.80	0.4
S-1	制造初始裂缝(N_max=97.5 kN)	96.0	3	2.03	2.16	6.0
	制造初始裂缝(N_max=97.5 kN)	96.0	4	2.18	2.27	4.0
	正式加载(N_max=110.9 kN)	95.0	3	2.66	2.72	2.0
	正式加载(N_max=110.9 kN)	95.0	4	3.06	3.04	0.6
S-2	正式加载(N_max=106.0 kN)	105.6	7	2.06	2.06	0.0
S-2	正式加载(N_max=106.0 kN)	105.6	8	1.60	1.65	3.0
S-3	制造初始裂缝(N_max=107.0 kN)	82.2	3	1.28	1.29	0.7
	制造初始裂缝(N_max=107.0 kN)	82.2	4	1.46	1.42	2.0
	正式加载(N_max=118.0 kN)	117.8	3	2.52	2.55	1.0
	正式加载(N_max=118.0 kN)	117.8	4	2.79	2.82	1.0
P-2	正式加载(N_max=84.2 kN)	84.1	5	4.44	4.58	3.0
P-3	正式加载(N_max=101.5 kN)	101.2	5	4.93	4.86	1.0

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表 3 裂缝自动提取量化及手工记录裂缝宽度对比表格

Table 3 Comparison between automatic crack extraction quantification and manual recording of crack widths

组别	加载阶段	荷载水平	北侧(手工记录结果/裂缝自动提取量化方法结果)	南侧(手工记录结果/裂缝自动提取量化方法结果)
L-1	制造初始裂缝(N_max=110.6 kN)	0.87 N_max	0.10 mm/0.06 mm	−/−
		0.93 N_max	0.10 mm、0.08 mm/0.10 mm、0.09 mm	−/−
		0.96 N_max	0.10 mm、0.10 mm/0.10 mm、0.12 mm	−/−
L-2	制造初始裂缝(N_max=92.8 kN)	0.86 N_max	0.15 mm/0.12 mm	−
	制造初始裂缝(N_max=92.8 kN)	N_max	0.20 mm/0.17 mm	−
	正式加载(N_max=112.7 kN)	0.80 N_max	0.20 mm/0.15 mm	−
		0.86 N_max	0.40 mm/0.33 mm	−
		0.90 N_max	2.00 mm/1.80 mm	−
S-1	制造初始裂缝(N_max=97.5 kN)	0.72 N_max	−	−
		0.98 N_max	−	0.05 mm/0.05 mm
		N_max	−	0.20 mm/0.24 mm
	正式加载(N_max=110.9 kN)	0.54 N_max	−/0.01 mm	0.15 mm/0.15 mm
		0.84 N_max	0.15 mm/0.20 mm	0.80 mm/0.85 mm
		0.85 N_max	0.17 mm/0.25 mm	1.35 mm/1.40 mm
S-2	制造初始裂缝(N_max=109.6 kN)	0.89 N_max	−	0.1 mm/0.09 mm
	制造初始裂缝(N_max=109.6 kN)	N_max	−	0.15 mm/0.12 mm
	正式加载(N_max=106.0 kN)	0.75 N_max	−	−
		0.92 N_max	−	−
		0.98 N_max	0.05 mm/0.06 mm	1.90 mm/2.00 mm
S-3	制造初始裂缝(N_max=107.0 kN)	0.91 N_max	0.09 mm/0.12 mm	−
	制造初始裂缝(N_max=107.0 kN)	0.96 N_max	0.10 mm/0.14 mm	−
	正式加载(N_max=118.0 kN)	0.59 N_max	0.13 mm/0.12 mm	−
		0.89 N_max	0.20 mm/0.18 mm	−
		0.95 N_max	0.35 mm/0.30 mm	−
P-1	正式加载(N_max=103.4 kN)	0.59 N_max	0.15 mm/0.11 mm	−
		0.80 N_max	0.16 mm/0.12 mm	0.20 mm/0.21 mm
		0.87 N_max	0.20 mm/0.17 mm	0.56 mm/0.60 mm
P-2	正式加载(N_max=84.2 kN)	0.85 N_max	0.20 mm/0.18 mm	−
		0.91 N_max	0.30 mm/0.26 mm	−
		0.96 N_max	0.50 mm/0.47 mm	−
P-3	正式加载(N_max=101.5 kN)	0.69 N_max	−	0.40 mm/0.33 mm
		0.73 N_max	−	1.20 mm/1.15 mm
		0.79 N_max	−	1.70 mm/1.80 mm
注：“−”为未录到或没有检测到裂缝；“0.1 mm、0.08 mm”为检测到两条裂缝，宽度分别为0.1 mm和0.08 mm。

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