Abstract: The deformation monitoring of underground structures during their construction processes is one of essential safeguards for construction safety. The structural deformation is caused by the coupling effect of temperature and of soil pressure. The neglect of the temperature effect would cause deviations in construction safety evaluation based on monitored displacements. To investigate the effect of temperature on underground structural deformation, the underground structure of Beijing Sub-Center Station Integrated Transportation Hub was selected as the research object. A temperature distribution test was carried out on one section of the underground structure to study the characteristics of vertical temperature distribution of the underground frame structure during the construction process. The measured results show that: the temperature of roof floor slabs changed sharply with ambient temperature on a daily basis, while the temperature of indoor floor slabs and beams remained relatively stable. Based on the measured temperature data, a vertical temperature gradient distribution function for underground frame structures during their constructions is proposed. On this basis, a finite element analysis of underground structural deformation under the coupling effect of temperature and of soil pressure was performed. Both measured and numerical calculation results of displacements demonstrate that temperature effect exerts a significant influence on the displacement of super-large underground structures; and that the neglect of the temperature effect may even lead to calculated displacements opposite in the direction to the measured ones. Taking into account the coupling effect of temperature and earth pressure can significantly reduce the displacement calculation error, which verifies the effectiveness of the vertical temperature gradient distribution function proposed.